It also adopted various rights guaranteed by the previous constitution. The constitution also recognized collective social and economic rights including the rights to rest and leisure, health protection, care in old age and sickness, housing, education, and cultural benefits. It provided for the direct election of all government bodies as well. The new Soviet constitution of marked the socio- economic development of the country although it incorporated the principles of the three old constitutions of the Soviet.
The new constitution described the USSR as the state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants, intelligentsia, and the working people of the all nations and nationalities of the country Jitendra But the constitution had defined the USSR as a socialist state of workers and peasants.
After mids, the economy of the USSR began to decline. One of the reasons for this was - the military competition with the West. It resulted in more expenditure in the defense industries which further weakened the whole economy. A new leader, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in and he sought to restructure the entire economic and political sphere.
He introduced a plan of restructuring and openness, which was named as the Perestroika and Glasnost. Gorbachev hastily implemented his scheme in political and economic fields. By this, new faces came up who were no longer dedicated to the soviet system.
On the one hand, he brought reformist like Boris Yeltsin to the post of secretary of the Moscow party. He introduced the new laws and institutions. But the beaurocratic apparatus were old which, invariably, were not willing to implement laws that were not beneficial to them. This also made difficult the process of reform Chenoy The result of his initiatives culminated in the disintegration of the USSR.
Gorbachev tried to keep the Union intact. He drafted a Union Treaty in haste and a referendum was held on March 17, The Treaty had removed much of the power of the Union which the conservatives traditional communist did not like.
They plotted a coup under the leadership of Gennady Yanayev on 18 August, two days before the treaty was to be executed. Gorbachev was home detained in Crimea. But the coup lasted for just three days. After the failed attempt, the Soviet republics accelerated their process towards independence, declaring their sovereignty one by one.
The new draft document rejected the communist and socialist doctrine but it was not adopted by the Supreme Soviet.
The conservatives in the CPD prepared their own draft constitution. After August coup Constitutional Commission started to work on another draft constitution but there were divergent views in the CPD on the question of separation of power between executive and legislative and status of Russian regions and republics Chenoy Dispute between president Yeltsin directly elected in and the parliament elected during soviet period on the method and speed of the transition to a capitalist economy was at its peak.
The president was seen as an icon of the reforms who intended to swiftly change the old political and economic orders and for that wanted to wield unlimited powers. So the president and the parliament were rivals. The president started issuing decrees bypassing the parliament. Such moves led to wide rift between the president and the parliament.
Amid this, the Constitutional Commission presented a draft constitution to the sixth session of the CPD but it was rejected not only in the parliament but by the autonomous republics and regions as well.
Several other drafts were produced in the CPD. Yeltsin introduced his own draft constitution which favoured strong presidency. These ideas once rejected by the parliament were adopted forcefully by Yeltsin. The parliament challenged his arbitrary method of adopting constitution.
At last the parliament accepted the idea of referendum and it was held on 25 April The referendum did not deal with the issues of the constitution but Yeltsin took it as a license for adopting his own version of constitution. On the other side, the Constitutional Commission presented the fifth version of the draft constitution to the parliament in May incorporating suggestions made by the deputies.
He composed a Constitutional Assembly Constitutional Conference chosen by himself. Yeltsin dissolved the Supreme Soviet and suspended the acts of the Constitutional Court. It was not regarded as a right move by many people.
The political deadlock had lingered the process of making of the constitution but the dissolution of the representative institution was not logical at the time of making constitution. The impasse held-up policy making and enactment of the new constitution.
Yeltsin unilaterally and illegally dissolved the parliament Bacon and Wyman The deputies opposed the dissolution by refusing to leave the House but Yeltsin vacated it by using army. He hastily ordered a committee under Sergei Filatov to finalise the draft for a constitution in his own favour. The idea in the new constitution was opposed by the autonomous regions and republics etc.
Yeltsin convinced them about their status and pushed the draft constitution to a referendum in haste. The draft constitution was published on 10 November and placed before the people on 12 December The arithmetic shows that the constitution has been supported by not more than 30 per cent of the people. Russian Constitution and Federalism: The Institutional Framework The Russian constitution of was introduced in the backdrop of the president- parliament struggle.
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Page 1 of 1 2 posts Previous Next. Quote: The Great October Socialist Revolution, made by the workers and peasants of Russia under the leadership of the Communist Party headed by Lenin, overthrew capitalist and landowner rule, broke the fetters of oppression, established the dictatorship of the proletariat, and created the Soviet state, a new type of state, the basic instrument for defending the gains of the revolution and for building socialism and communism.
Humanity thereby began the epoch-making turn from capitalist to socialism. The constitution begins with a Big Lie. The October Revolution was once known as the October Coup, because that is exactly what it was. And right after the coup the Bolsheviks immediately began rounding up their political enemies and eliminating them. Groupthink » People's Toolshed » People's Tools ».
Guy Mr. Doctor Fuku, Healthcare Reform Dr. The uncontested absurdities of today are the accepted slogans of tomorrow. The land occupied by collective farms is secured to them for their use free of charge and for an unlimited time, that is, in perpetuity. Alongside the socialist system of economy, which is the predominant form of economy in the U. The right of citizens to personal ownership of their incomes from work and of their savings, of their dwelling houses and subsidiary household economy, their household furniture and utensils and articles of personal use and convenience, as well as the right of inheritance of personal property of citizens, is protected by law.
The economic life of the U. The principle applied in the U. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a federal state, formed on the basis of the voluntary association of Soviet Socialist Republics having equal rights, namely :.
The jurisdiction of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as represented by its highest organs of state authority and organs of government, covers :. The sovereignty of the Union Republics is limited only within the provisions set forth in Article 14 of the Constitution of the U. Outside of these provisions, each Union Republic exercises state authority independently. The U. Each Union Republic has its own Constitution, which takes account of the specific features of the Republic and is drawn up in full conformity with the Constitution of the U.
To every Union Republic is reserved the right freely to secede from the U. The territory of a Union Republic may not be altered without its consent. The laws of the U. In the event of a discrepancy between a law of a Union Republic and an all-Union law, the all-Union law prevails. A single Union citizenship is established for all citizens of the U. The highest organ of state authority of the U. The Supreme Soviet of the U. The legislative power of the U. The Soviet of the Union is elected by the citizens of the U.
The Soviet of Nationalities is elected by the citizens of the U. Both Chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the U. The Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities have an equal right to initiate legislation.
A law is considered adopted if passed by both Chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the U. Laws passed by the Supreme Soviet of the U. Sessions of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities begin and terminate simultaneously.
The Chairmen of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities preside over the sittings of the respective Chambers and direct the procedure of these bodies. Joint sittings of both Chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the U. Sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the U. Special sessions are convened by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.
In the event of a disagreement between the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities, the question is referred for settlement to a conciliation commission formed on a parity basis. If the conciliation commission fails to arrive at an agreement, or if its decision fails to satisfy one of the Chambers, the question is considered for a second time by the Chambers.
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U. The Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities elect Credentials Commissions which verify the credentials of the members of the respective Chambers.
On there commendation of the Credentials Commissions, the Chambers decide either to endorse the the credentials or to annul the election of the deputies concerned. It is the duty of all institutions and public servants to comply with the demands of these commissions and to submit to them the necessary materials and documents.
A member of the Supreme Soviet of the U. On the expiration of the term of office of the Supreme Soviet of the U. The newly-elected Supreme Soviet of the U.
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